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From Monster to Medicine: Ep. 2 – Yellow Journalism & Reefer Madness

From Medicine to Monster: Episode 2 – Yellow Journalism & Reefer Madness


Yellow Journalism and Reefer Madness


By the mid-1930s, cannabis was no longer just a plant—it was a symbol of fear, carefully crafted by those who stood to gain. Enter the era of yellow journalism, a time when sensational headlines sold papers faster than facts ever could.

William Randolph Hearst, media mogul and lumber tycoon, used his newspapers to stoke panic. Headlines screamed about “Marijuana-crazed Jazz Hounds” and “Degenerate Mexicans Threatening American Youth.” The goal? Sell papers… and protect his timber investments by demonizing hemp, a cheap alternative to paper pulp.

Hollywood joined the fray. In 1936, Reefer Madness hit the screen, depicting marijuana users spiraling into madness, crime, and sexual deviance. The film was propaganda dressed as morality play, but audiences ate it up. Teachers, parents, and politicians alike watched in horror as the “monster” of marijuana tore through society.

Meanwhile, Harry Anslinger fed the narrative with racist and sensationalist testimony to Congress. He claimed cannabis made people violent, insane, and sexually unrestrained. One Congressional hearing included tales of people committing murder under the influence of a single joint. (Spoiler: no evidence ever supported these claims.)

The combination of media hype, film hysteria, and federal propaganda cemented marijuana’s reputation as a public menace. Fear, not science, became law. By the time the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 passed, Americans believed they were protecting their families from a monster—but the monster had been manufactured by politicians, press barons, and industrial interests.

In Episode 3: The War on Drugs & Nixon’s Legacy, we’ll see how the monster went from paper and film into federal law enforcement, becoming a national obsession that still shapes policy today.

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